Cayman Islands Department of Agriculture Monitors Avian Influenza Following First Case in Domestic Birds in Puerto Rico

The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has confirmed the presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a backyard poultry flock in Puerto Rico. This marks the first case of HPAI in domestic birds in Puerto Rico during this outbreak, which began in February 2022.

The Cayman Islands Department of Agriculture (DoA) continues to actively monitor the status of avian influenza in the United States, Puerto Rico, and other countries. The DoA is working closely with commercial importers, farmers, and other Government agencies to implement measures that safeguard the Cayman Islands against the potential introduction and spread of the disease.

Understanding Avian Influenza and Transmission Risks

Avian influenza primarily spreads through direct contact between infected animals, most commonly birds. Migratory birds are known carriers of the virus and may contribute to its spread across regions. While local wild birds, including feral chickens, could potentially be exposed, there are currently no reported cases of avian influenza in the Cayman Islands’ wild or domestic bird populations. The DoA urges poultry farmers and the general public to remain vigilant and implement strong biosecurity measures to minimize risks.

Although the presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has recently been detected in dairy cattle in the United States, the risk to humans remains low. Transmission to humans is rare and has only been observed in individuals who have had prolonged, direct contact with infected animals, typically poultry. At present, there is no evidence of human-to-human transmission.

Biosecurity Measures for Farmers and Bird Owners

Persons involved in raising poultry or who are in direct contact with birds should be aware of the clinical signs of HPAI in poultry, which include:

• Sudden and unexplained deaths

• Runny eyes and nasal discharge

• Lethargy and loss of appetite

• Neurological signs (tremors, head twisting, paralysis)

• Discoloured (bluish) combs or wattles

• Reddening or swelling of legs

• Diarrhea and loose, discoloured droppings

To protect local poultry flocks, the DoA strongly advises all poultry owners to:

• Prevent contact between their birds and wild birds (including feral chickens)

• Limit visitors to poultry farms and practice strict hygiene measures

• Disinfect clothing, footwear, and equipment used in bird areas

• Report any sick birds or unusual bird deaths immediately to the DoA at agriculture@gov.ky or 947-3090

Food Safety and Impact on Poultry Imports

There are no reported cases of avian influenza being transmitted through the consumption of poultry products. As a precaution, the DoA recommends that all poultry meat and eggs be properly handled and cooked to an internal temperature of 165˚F (74˚C) to eliminate any potential viral or bacterial pathogens.

The importation of live poultry, poultry meat, or poultry products continues to be closely monitored. At this time, there are no changes to import restrictions related to this recent detection in Puerto Rico. Additionally, the public is reminded that the importation of unpasteurised (raw) milk and milk products into the Cayman Islands remains strictly prohibited due to food safety concerns and the risk of disease transmission.

Feral Chickens and Disease Control

The DoA recognizes community concerns regarding the potential role of feral chickens in disease transmission. While these birds are not currently known to be infected with HPAI, they do have frequent contact with migratory birds, which could increase the risk. The Department is working with relevant stakeholders to assess risks and explore appropriate control measures, including humane capture and culling strategies where necessary.

Public Health and Local Preparedness

As part of its ongoing readiness initiatives, the Cayman Islands Department of Agriculture is increasing its active and passive disease surveillance programs for avian influenza locally. In collaboration with the Cayman Islands Molecular Biology Lab (CIMBL) at the Health Services Authority, the DoA has the capability to conduct rapid, on-island testing for the virus, ensuring a swift response to any potential cases.

The DoA remains committed to keeping the public informed and will provide further updates as necessary. The cooperation of the community, including poultry farmers and backyard bird owners, is essential in preventing the introduction and spread of avian influenza in the Cayman Islands.

For more information, please contact the Cayman Islands Department of Agriculture at agriculture@gov.ky  or 947-3090.