Cayman Residents Urged to Stay Vigilant Against Vector Borne Diseases (Oropouche and Dengue)

Travelers returning from the Caribbean, South and Central America, including Panama and Cuba, should monitor for symptoms and seek medical advice promptly if they develop fever, rash, or other signs of illness

The Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Health Services Authority (HSA), is calling on the public to take precautions against vector-borne diseases, following regional reports of increased activity. Vectors are living organisms, usually biting insects (such as mosquitoes), that can transmit parasites, viruses and bacteria that cause illness. Oropouche virus disease and Dengue are two such vector-borne diseases.

While the Cayman Islands does not have community transmission of either disease, there has been one imported case of Oropouche fever and several imported cases of dengue fever this year.

“Vector-borne diseases don’t recognise borders,” said Carlos Peçanha, Senior Researcher at MRCU. “Our success depends on a community-wide effort, from controlling mosquito breeding sites to using personal protective measures.”

As of 16 November 2024, the Ministry of Health in Panama reported the first human case of Oropouche virus disease in the country. The case did not have an international travel history, and therefore suggests local transmission. This year, outbreaks of Oropouche virus disease have also been reported in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Cuba. This underscores the importance of public awareness and preventive measures.

“Travelers arriving from affected regions like Cuba and Panama should use personal protective measures and, on return, should monitor for symptoms and seek medical advice promptly if they develop fever, rash, or other signs of illness,” said Rachel Corbett, National Epidemiologist for the Ministry of Health. “Early detection is essential to prevent cases.”

The MRCU remains proactive in controlling mosquito populations and reducing the risk of disease transmission. Should a local case be identified, swift action will be taken to prevent community spread through targeted surveillance and control measures.

“Vector-borne diseases are a reminder of how connected we are as a region,” said Dr. Nick Gent, Chief Medical Officer. “By staying alert and taking simple precautions, we can protect ourselves and our community from the risks these diseases pose.”

Vector-Borne Diseases in Focus

• Dengue Fever: Spread by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, dengue fever can cause fever, severe joint and muscle pain, rash, and, in severe cases, potentially life-threatening complications.

• Oropouche Fever: Caused by the Oropouche virus and transmitted by Culicoides paraensis midges and Culex mosquitoes, symptoms include fever, headache, and joint pain. While severe complications are rare, the disease can be misdiagnosed as dengue.

Collaborative Approach

The Cayman Islands is well-prepared to address vector-borne diseases, thanks to the close collaboration between MRCU, the Ministry of Health, and the HSA. These agencies work together to conduct surveillance, provide testing, and implement targeted mosquito control measures.

“Our ability to test locally for both the Oropouche and Dengue viruses ensures timely diagnosis and a swift public health response,” said Jonathan Smellie, Cayman Islands Molecular Biology Laboratory Manager.

How You Can Help

The public plays a vital role in reducing the risk of vector-borne diseases:

• Eliminate Standing Water: Regularly remove water from containers, gutters, and other mosquito breeding sites.

• Protect Yourself: Use insect repellents, wear long-sleeved clothing, and ensure windows and doors have proper screens.

• Be Vigilant When Traveling: Take precautions in regions with reported cases, and seek medical advice if symptoms appear after returning.